Chiang Mai Journal of Science

Print ISSN: 0125-2526 | eISSN : 2465-3845

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Effects of Three Drying Treatments on the Polyphenol Content, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Syzygium aromaticum Extract

Suat-HianTan* and Md. Rezaul Karim
* Author for corresponding; e-mail address: tshian@ump.edu.my; tansuathian@yahoo.com
Volume: Vol.45 No.2 (March 2018)
Research Article
DOI:
Received: 4 August 2016, Revised: -, Accepted: 21 December 2016, Published: -

Citation: Suat-hiantan and Karim M.R., Effects of Three Drying Treatments on the Polyphenol Content, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Syzygium aromaticum Extract, Chiang Mai Journal of Science, 2018; 45(2): 937-948.

Abstract

Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) is widely accepted as an ancient and most valuable spice of the Orient. Drying process often affects the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the spices and solvent has immense impact on the extractability of phytochemicals. This work explored the water extractability of the phenolics from 3 different tissues (unripe fruit, leaf and stem) of the Malaysian grown clove after 3 drying treatments. The study also evaluated the effects of 3 drying processes (microwave-, oven- and air-drying) on the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the extracts. The fruit extract exhibited highest total phenolic contents (TPC), caffeoylquinic acid (CQA), total vitamin C contents and antibacterial activity, followed by leaf and stem. On the other hand, total flavonoid content (TFC) was highest in leaf extract, followed by fruit and stem. It was found that the polyphenol contents correlated well with their antioxidant activities as determined by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Microwave-drying was found to be the most effective to maintain the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of unripe fruit, leaf and stem of the plant. Methanolic extract of all 3 tissue extracts were found to be active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The extract was found to be more active against Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus compared to Bacillus subtilis. It can be concluded from the results that the microwave drying can be the method of choice to maintain the quality of the spice in terms of its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The results also demonstrated that water can be used effectively to extract the valuable antioxidants that are beneficial to human health.

Keywords: Syzygium aromaticum, antioxidant, antibacterial, microwave-drying

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Antibiotics Constituents of Endophytic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens UD25 Extracted from a Medicinal Plant, Memecylon edule Roxb.
page: 788 - 799

Artidtaya Bhoonobtong, Sirirath Sodngam, Sophon Boonlue, Wandee Bunyatratchata and Wiyada Mongkolt

Vol.44 No.3 (July 2017)
Research Article View: 2,182 Download: 1,044
Bioactivity, Cytotoxicity and Antibacterial Evaluation of Undoped, Zn-doped, Sr-doped, and Zn/Sr-codoped Hydroxyapatites Synthesized by a Sol-gel Method
page: 630 - 639

Likit Temprom [a], Suphasinee L. Seet [a,b,c], Patcharaporn Tippayawat [d], Pimsiree Suwanna* [a,b,

Vol.44 No.2 (April 2017)
Research Article View: 1,045 Download: 270
Carotenoid Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Extracts From Tropical Fruits
page: 605 - 616

V ctor M. Moo-Huchin [a], Gustavo A. Gonz lez-Aguilar [b], Mariela Moo-Huchin [c], Elizabeth Ortiz-V zquez [d], Luis Cuevas-Glory [d], Enrique Sauri-Duch [d] and David Betancur-Ancona* [e]

Vol.44 No.2 (April 2017)
Research Article View: 1,004 Download: 1,054
Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of a Brown Alga Scytosiphon lomentaria
page: 595 - 604

Xiao Juan Xu, Yu Zhang, Hong Lin, Chao Kang, Xiao Ting Fu*

Vol.44 No.2 (April 2017)
Research Article View: 1,005 Download: 277
Antioxidant Activities and Stability of Seed Kernel Extracts from Mango (Mangifera indica linn.) Cultivated in Northern Thailand
page: 573 - 583

Nichana Nakpanich, Wantida Chaiyana and Pimporn Leelapornpisid*

Vol.44 No.2 (April 2017)
Research Article View: 1,089 Download: 401
Chemical Profiles and Antimicrobial Activities of Thai Propolis Collected from Apis mellifera
page: 438 - 448

Sirikarn Sanpa [a,b], Milena Popova [c], Tawee Tunkasiri [d], Sukum Eitssayeam [d], Vassya Bankova [

Vol.44 No.2 (April 2017)
Research Article View: 1,827 Download: 473
Phytochemical Screening, Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff.
page: 193 - 202

Nadechanok Jiangseubchatveera, Saisunee Liawruangrath, Aphiwat Teerawutgulrag, Dammrong Santiarwor

Vol.44 No.1 (JANUARY 2017)
Research Article View: 1,192 Download: 686
Polyphenol Contents, Antioxidant and Anticancer Activity (MCF-7) of Soybean Products in Thailand
page: 176 - 183

Thidarat Somdee *, Udomsak Mahaweerawat, Jindawan Wibulutai, Namphuang Dungkokruad and Suneerat Yung

Vol.44 No.1 (JANUARY 2017)
Research Article View: 1,093 Download: 1,909
Ultrasonic Extraction, Antioxidant and Anti-glycation Activities of Polysaccharides from Gynura divaricata Leaves
page: 144 - 156

Pawinee Deetae*[a, e], Kwanrudee Tseng [a], Chanathinart Pasuphan [a], Atikorn Panya [b], Pawadee Methacanon [c], Waranya Temthawee [a] and Manop Suphantharika [d]

Vol.44 No.1 (JANUARY 2017)
Research Article View: 2,251 Download: 413
Antibacterial Activity Against Acne Involved Bacteria of Chitosan in a Soluble State and as Nanoparticles
page: 1149 - 1158

Supreedee Sungkharak [a, b], Nicha Supasit [b], Sasiluk Choopan [b] and Suwipa Ungphaiboon*[a, b]

Vol.43 No.5 (OCTOBER 2016)
Research Article View: 1,075 Download: 773
Phenolic Profile, Fatty Acid and Essential Oil Composition Analysis and Antioxidant, Antialzheimer and Antibacterial Activities of Verbascum flavidum Extracts
page: 1090 - 1101

Mehmet Boğa*[a], Abdulselam Ertaş [b], Nesrin Haşimi [c], Serpil Demirci [d], Mustafa Abdullah Yılmaz [e], Hamdi Temel [f] and Ufuk Kolak [g]

Vol.43 No.5 (OCTOBER 2016)
Research Article View: 1,033 Download: 378
Antioxidant Compounds and Activities in Selected Fresh and Blanched Vegetables from Northeastern Thailand
page: 834 - 844

Thidarat Somdee*[a], Udomsak Mahaweerawat [a], Methin Phadungkit [b] and Suneerat Yangyuen [a]

Vol.43 No.4 (JULY 2016)
Research Article View: 981 Download: 291
Synthesis, Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of 2-Halobenzoyl Thiourea bearing α- and β-Alanine
page: 578 - 584

Nurziana Ngah*, Nor Azanita Mohamed, and Deny Susanti Darnis

Vol.43 No.3 (APRIL 2016)
Research Article View: 923 Download: 318
Essential Oil of Solanum spirale Fruits and Its Biological Activities
page: 547 - 555

Sukanya Keawsa-ard [a], Boonsom Liawruangrath* [b], Saisunee Liawruangrath [c], Aphiwat Teerawutgulrag [c] Stephen G. Pyne [d]

Vol.43 No.3 (APRIL 2016)
Research Article View: 1,527 Download: 346
Determination of Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities together with Total Phenol and Flavonoid Contents of Cleidion javanicum Bl. and Bridelia retusa (L.) A. Juss.
page: 535 - 546

Duangsuree Sanseera, Boonsom Liawruangrath *, Stephen G. Pyne and Saisunee Liawruangrath*

Vol.43 No.3 (APRIL 2016)
Research Article View: 1,494 Download: 867
Helvolic Acid, A Secondary Metabolite Produced by Neosartorya spinosa KKU-1NK1 and Its Biological Activities
page: 484 - 494

Wareerat Sanmanoch [a], Wiyada Mongkolthanaruk [a], Somdej Kanokmedhakul [b], Tadanori Aimi [c] and Sophon Boonlue *[a, b]

Vol.43 No.3 (APRIL 2016)
Research Article View: 949 Download: 378
Phytochemical Constituents with Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities from Xylia xylocarpa (Roxb.) Taub. Sawdust Extracts
page: 11 - 21

Pattarawadee Sumthong Nakmee* [a], Soontree Khuntong [a] and Nitra Nuengchamnong [b]

Vol.43 No.1 (JANUARY 2016)
Research Article View: 1,050 Download: 424
Optimization of the Preparation of Gelatin Hydrolysates with Antioxidative Activity from Lizardfish (Saurida spp.) Scales Gelatin
page: 68 - 79

Sutee Wangtueai [a, b]*, Susanne Siebenhandl-Ehn [c] and Dietmar Haltrich [c]

Vol.43 No.1 (JANUARY 2016)
Research Article View: 1,156 Download: 559
Antioxidant Capacity and Phenolic Content Evaluation on Peanut Skins from 3 Peanut Types
page: 123 - 137

Pornnapa Chuenchom, Prasan Swatsitang, Thanaset Senawong, Sanun Jogloy

Vol.43 No.1 (JANUARY 2016)
Research Article View: 1,091 Download: 594
Insights Into The Causes and Anti-hyperglycemic Effects Of Punica granatum Rind in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats
page: 112 - 122

Sushil Kumar Middha [a,c], Talambedu Usha [b]* and Veena Pande [a]

Vol.43 No.1 (JANUARY 2016)
Research Article View: 900 Download: 406
Ameliorating Reactive Oxygen Species-Induced in vitro Lipid Peroxidation in Liver, Carbohydrate and DNA Damage by Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Different Leaf Extracts
page: 80 - 88

Arvind Kumar Goyal [a,b], Sushil Kumar Middha [c], Talambedu Usha [c] and Arnab Sen*[a]

Vol.43 No.1 (JANUARY 2016)
Research Article View: 973 Download: 245
Fatty Acid, Essential Oil and Phenolic Compositions of Alcea pallida and Alcea apterocarpa with Antioxidant, Anticholinesterase and Antimicrobial Activities
page: 89 - 99

Abdulselam Ertas*[a,b], Mehmet Boga [b,c], Isil Gazioglu [d], Yeter Yesil [e] , Nesrin Hasimi [f], Cumali Ozaslan [g], Hasibe Yilmaz[h], Muammer Kaplan[j]

Vol.43 No.1 (JANUARY 2016)
Research Article View: 1,020 Download: 379
Comparative Studies on Chemical Composition, Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activities of Brown and White Perilla (Perilla frutescens) Seeds
page: 896 - 906

Sikeret Kongkeaw, Siriporn Riebroy and Manat Chaijan

Vol.42 No.4 (OCTOBER 2015)
Research Article View: 1,052 Download: 349
HPTLC Analysis, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity of Plumbago zeylanica L
page: 886 - 895

Shivraj Hariram Nile, Umesh Bapurao Patil and Se Won Park

Vol.42 No.4 (OCTOBER 2015)
Research Article View: 1,009 Download: 514
Prediction of Antioxidant Capacity of Thai Vegetable Extracts by Infrared Spectroscopy
page: 657 - 668

Trakul Prommajak, Sang Moo Kim, Cheol-Ho Pan, Sang Min Kim, Suthat Surawang, Nithiya

Vol.42 No.3 (JULY 2015)
Research Article View: 1,042 Download: 334
Determination of the Effects of Adding Milk and Sugar on the Antioxidant Capacity of Oolong Tea by Chemical and Cell Culture-Based Antioxidant Assays
page: 699 - 711

Angkana Wipatanawin, Sudarat Phongsawanit, Thadthanan Maneeratprasert, Sittiwat Lertsiri

Vol.42 No.3 (JULY 2015)
Research Article View: 1,135 Download: 377
Fatty Acid Composition, Physical Properties, Acute Oral Toxicity and Antioxidant Activity of Crude Lipids from Adipose Tissue of Some Commercialized Freshwater Catfish
page: 626 - 636

Wiwat Wangcharoen, Kriangsak Mengumphan and Doungporn Amornlerdpison

Vol.42 No.3 (JULY 2015)
Research Article View: 958 Download: 265
Bioactive compounds from Mesua ferrea stems
page: 185 - 195

Sukanya Keawsa-ard and Boonsom Liawruangrath

Vol.42 No.1 (JANUARY 2015)
Research Article View: 966 Download: 321
Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of various solvent extracts of Salsola stenoptera Wagenitz and Petrosimonia nigdeensis Aellen (Chenopodiaceae) plants
page: 156 - 172

Meltem Asan Ozusaglam, Mahmut Erzengin, Derya Onal Darilmaz, Seher Karaman Erkul, Mehtap Tekse

Vol.42 No.1 (JANUARY 2015)
Research Article View: 1,057 Download: 246
Phenolics production from a novel substrate palm oil mill effluent by Aspergillus niger IBS-103ZA: Evaluation of fermentation conditions and antioxidant activity
page: 1 - 16

Zulkarnain Mohamed Idris, Parveen Jamal, Md Zahangir Alam, Abdul Haseeb Ansari, A

Vol.42 No.1 (JANUARY 2015)
Research Article View: 1,026 Download: 309
In vitro Antioxidant and Antitumor Activities of an Endophytic Fungus Phomopsis liquidambari QH4 from Artemisia annua
page: 992 - 1006

Yixin Qian [a, b], Jichuan Kang*[a, c], Lu Wang [a], Bangxing Lei [a] and Kevin D. Hyde [d, e]

Vol.41 No.5/1 (OCTOBER 2014)
Research Article View: 1,005 Download: 305
Gastroprotective Effects and Antioxidant Activities of Paederia pilifera Hook.f. Root Extract
page: 1121 - 1131

Kantarat Jirakittirat, Supap Saenphet and Kanokporn Saenphet*

Vol.41 No.5/1 (OCTOBER 2014)
Research Article View: 883 Download: 269
Phenolic acids content and antioxidant capacity of fruit extracts from Thailand
page: 636 - 642

Nattaya Ongphimai [a], Supathra Lilitchan*[a], Kornkanok Aryusuk [b], Akkarach Bumrungpert [a], et a

Vol.40 No.4 (OCTOBER 2013)
Research Article View: 1,037 Download: 366
Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Evaluation of Some Mixed-metal Mixed-ligand Complexes
page: 625 - 635

Mohammad N. Uddin*, Didarul A. Chowdhury, Jahwa Islam

Vol.40 No.4 (OCTOBER 2013)
Research Article View: 946 Download: 279
Physical Characteristics and Biological Activities of Thai Flower Extracts Loaded in Niosomes
page: 603 - 617

Aranya Manosroi*[a,b], Bang-on Kietthanakorn [b], Charinya Chankhampan [b], Narinthorn Khositsuntiwo

Vol.40 No.4 (OCTOBER 2013)
Research Article View: 1,005 Download: 361
Role of Quercetin and L-Arginine in Alleviating Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Hepatotoxicity in Rats
page: 577 - 592

Nayira A. Abdel Baky [a]*, L.M. Faddah [a] , Nouf M. Al-Rasheed [a], Nawal M. Al-Rasheed [a] , and W

Vol.40 No.4 (OCTOBER 2013)
Research Article View: 980 Download: 321
The Potential of Electrospun Poly(L-lactic Acid) Fiber Mats Containing a Crude Garcinia Dulcis Extract for Use as Wound Dressings
page: 517 - 533

Orawan Suwantong *[a], Porntipa Pankongadisak [a], Suwanna Deachathai [a] and Pitt Supaphol [b]

Vol.40 No.3 (JULY 2013)
Research Article View: 968 Download: 312
Development of Sequential Injection Analysis Using Peristaltic Pump and Electrochemical Detection for Antioxidant Capacity Test by ABTS Assay
page: 224 - 231

Jakkrapun Kongkedsuk [a], Apisake Hongwitayakorn [a], Wannarekha Bootnapang [b], Nisachon Boonto [b

Vol.40 No.2 (APRIL 2013)
Research Article View: 1,409 Download: 338
Antibacterial Activity and Chemical Composition of Essential Oil and Various Extracts of Fagraea fragrans Roxb. Flowers
page: 214 - 223

Patcharee Pripdeevech* [a] and Jarupux Saansoomchai [b]

Vol.40 No.2 (APRIL 2013)
Research Article View: 1,096 Download: 518
Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Methanol, Dichloromethane and Ethyl Acetate Extracts of Scutellaria lindbergii Rech.f.
page: 49 - 59

Bibi Sedigheh Fazly-Bazzaz *[a], Atefeh Arab [b], Seyed Ahmad Emami [c], Javad Asili [c], Mohamad Ha

Vol.40 No.1 (JANUARY 2013)
Research Article View: 980 Download: 333
Antioxidant Potential of Pleurotus porrigens Extract and Application in Sunflower Oil during Accelerated Storage
page: 34 - 48

Hip Seng Yim*[a, b], Fook Yee Chye [b], Mei Lian Liow [a], and Chun Wai Ho [a]

Vol.40 No.1 (JANUARY 2013)
Research Article View: 1,015 Download: 359
Antioxidant and Sensory Properties of Thai Herbal Teas with emphasis on Thunbergia laurifolia Lindl.
page: 599 - 609

Eric W.C. Chan*, Suit Ying Eng, Yuen Ping Tan, Zhiew Cheng Wong, Phui Yan Lye, and Lea Ngar Tan

Vol.39 No.4 (OCTOBER 2012)
Research Article View: 1,178 Download: 353
Nutritional and Physicochemical Qualities of Thua Nao (Thai Traditional Fermented Soybean)
page: 562 - 574

Katekan Dajanta1,2, Ekachai Chukeatirote3,* and Arunee Apichartsrangkoon2

Vol.39 No.4 (OCTOBER 2012)
Research Article View: 933 Download: 342
Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Anticancer Activities and Chemical Constituents of the Essential Oil from Mesua ferrea Leaves
page: 455 - 463

Sukanya Keawsa-ard* [a] and Samart Kongtaweelert [b]

Vol.39 No.3 (JULY 2012)
Research Article View: 1,040 Download: 626
Anticancer and Antibacterial Activities of the Isolated Compounds from Solanum spirale Roxb. Leaves
page: 445 - 454

Sukanya Keawsa-ard [a], Surapol Natakankitkul [a], Saisunee Liawruangrath [b], Aphiwat Teerawutgulra

Vol.39 No.3 (JULY 2012)
Research Article View: 997 Download: 414
In vitro INHIBITION OF LIPID PEROXIDATION AND THE ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI FROM THAI MEDICINAL PLANTS
page: 429 - 444

Teerayut Theantana [a,b], Duangta Kanjanapothi [c], Saisamorn Lumyong* [b]

Vol.39 No.3 (JULY 2012)
Research Article View: 992 Download: 294
Comparative Analysis of Aqueous Extracts of Amaranth and Coriander in Scavenging Free Radical Activity and Protection of DNA against Oxidative Damage
page: 560 - 571

Asmita Dutta and Mukesh Singh

Vol.38 No.4 (OCTOBER 2011)
Research Article View: 972 Download: 404
Antibacterial Activity of Bauhinia acuminata L. Seed Protein Extract with Low Hemolytic Activity Against Human Erythrocytes
page: 242 - 251

Karaket Phansri [a], Rakrudee Sarnthima [a], Sompong Thammasirirak [b], Pasakorn Boonchalee [c] and

Vol.38 No.2 (APRIL 2011)
Research Article View: 1,045 Download: 277
Antioxidant Capacity of Broccoli Seeds Grown in Thailand
page: 117 - 122

Sarunya Chuanphongpanich* [a], Maitree Suttajit [b], Sukon Phanichphant [c Duang Buddhasukh [c]

Vol.33 No.1 (JANUARY 2006)
Research Article View: 977 Download: 367
Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Fruits of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia ) with Subcritical Water Extraction and Antioxidant Activities of These Extracts
page: 123 - 130

Parichat Budrat and Artiwan Shotipruk

Vol.35 No.1 (JANUARY 2008)
Research Article View: 1,027 Download: 677
Red Yeast Rice Prepared from Thai Glutinous Rice and the Antioxidant Activities
page: 42 - 49

Em-on Chairote, Griangsak Chairote, and Saisamorn Lumyong

Vol.36 No.1 (JANUARY 2009)
Research Article View: 1,158 Download: 374
Screening of Antioxidants from Some Thai Vegetables and Herbs
page: 1 - 5

Anchana Chanwitheesuk, Nuansri Rakariyatham*, Aphiwat Teerawutgulrag and Teerapol Wongchanapiboon

Vol.29 No.1 (APRIL 2002)
Opinion View: 1,136 Download: 366
Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Brown Marine Alga, Padina minor Yamada
page: 507 - 516

Yuwadee Peerapornpisal, Doungporn Amornlerdpison, Utan Jamjai, Tawat Taesotikul, Yanee Pongpaibul,

Vol.37 No.3 (SEPTEMBER 2010)
Research Article View: 1,040 Download: 375
In vitro Antioxidant Activity of Vitex negundo L. Leaf Extracts
page: 489 - 497

Raghavendra H. Lakshmanashetty, Vijayananda B. Nagaraj, Madhumathi G. Hiremath and Vadlapudi Kumar

Vol.37 No.3 (SEPTEMBER 2010)
Research Article View: 1,537 Download: 1,186
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