Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities of the Siamese Crocodile (Crocodylus Siamensis) Hemoglobin Hydrolysate Derived from Trypsin and Papain Hydrolysis
Jiraporn Lueangsakulthai, Nicholas Michael, Theeranan Temsiripong, Watcharee Khunkitti, Sompong Klaynongsruang, Nisachon Jangpromma** Author for corresponding; e-mail address: nisaja@kku.ac.th
Volume: Vol.46 No.5 (September 2019)
Research Article
DOI:
Received: 28 November 2018, Revised: -, Accepted: 12 Febuary 2019, Published: -
Citation: Lueangsakulthai J., Michael N., Temsiripong T., Khunkitti W., Klaynongsruang S. and Jangpromma N., Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities of the Siamese Crocodile (Crocodylus Siamensis) Hemoglobin Hydrolysate Derived from Trypsin and Papain Hydrolysis, Chiang Mai Journal of Science, 2019; 46(5): 915-929.
Abstract
Crocodylus siamensis hemoglobin hydrolysates (CHHs) were obtained by trypsin and papain digestion at different incubation times (2, 4, 6 and 8 h) at 37 °C and subjected to antioxidant and anti-infl ammatory activity assessment. DPPH scavenging activity of CHH derived from trypsin was similar to intact Hb. CHH derived from papain hydrolysis by 8-h hydrolysis (8h-CHHp) showed the highest DPPH scavenging activity at 56.86% antioxidant inhibition with IC50 value of 31 μg/ml. CHH derived from papain hydrolysis by 2-h hydrolysis (2h-CHHp) showed the highest reducing power activity at 0.99 mM Trolox equivalent and 4h-CHHt showed reducing activity at 0.16 mM Trolox equivalent (at concentration of 500 μg/ml). The linoleic peroxidation activity of CHH derived from papain hydrolysis by 6-h hydrolysis (6h-CHHp) and CHH derived from trypsin hydrolysis by 8-h hydrolysis (8h-CHHt) was increased in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 value of 5 μg/ml. The strongest anti-infl ammatory activity was found for 2h-CHHp, which displayed a high effi cacy in decreasing NO production of macrophage RAW 264.7 cells (46.86%) with no toxicity and signifi cantly reduced pro-infl ammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) production to about 25.73 pg/ml. Taken collectively, the results of this work demonstrate that CHHs derived from papain hydrolysis possesses antioxidant and anti-infl ammatory activities, which provides support for the application against infl ammation and oxidative stress-related disorders.
Related Articles
DOI: 10.12982/CMJS.2025.100.
Girish Ningappa Mathad and Jenshinn Lin
Vol.52 No.6 (November 2025)Research Article View: 218 Download: 61
DOI: 10.12982/CMJS.2025.080.
Samantha C. Karunarathna, Nimesha M. Patabendige, Wenhua Lu, Dongqin Dai and Kalani K. Hapuarachchi
Vol.52 No.6 (November 2025)Review Article View: 974 Download: 407
DOI: 25.015.
Thanakorn Vichaiya, Sirawich Chotikakham and Sitthisak Intarasit
Vol.52 No.2 (March 2025)Research Article View: 1,120 Download: 510
DOI: 10.12982/CMJS.2025.011.
Vince Ellison B. Leyeza, Rona Camille M. Lizardo-Agustin, Lloyd Earl L. Flandez and Katherine Ann T. Castillo-Israel
Vol.52 No.2 (March 2025)Research Article View: 1,251 Download: 397
DOI: 10.12982/CMJS.2025.003.
Cindytia Selvina Bernas, Sagar Pandappa Kalahal, Domas Galih Patria and Jenshinn Lin
Vol.52 No.1 (January 2025)Research Article View: 1,654 Download: 375
DOI: 10.12982/CMJS.2024.090.
Zohreh Karami and Kiattisak Duangmal
Vol.51 No.6 (November 2024)Research Article View: 838 Download: 306
DOI: 10.12982/CMJS.2024.088.
Niphawan Panti, Phatthanapong Therdtatha, Suttida Doungta, Supakan Saenkam, Phisit Seesuriyachan, Pornchai Rachtanapun and Kasirawat Sawangrat
Vol.51 No.6 (November 2024)Research Article View: 1,328 Download: 1,085
DOI: 10.12982/CMJS.2024.035.
Warunee Chomkitichai and Sitthisak Intarasit
Vol.51 No.3 (May 2024)Research Article View: 1,697 Download: 1,002
DOI: 10.12982/CMJS.2024.032.
Ara Fatima A. Carbonera, Liezl M. Atienza, Maria Amelita C. Estacio, Sheba Mae M. Duque, Rona Camille M. Lizardo-Agustin, and Katherine Ann T. Castillo-Israel
Vol.51 No.2 (March 2024)Research Article View: 1,288 Download: 474
DOI: 10.12982/CMJS.2024.016.
Yi-Ting Chang, Pi-Hui Hsu, Mao-Che Chiu and Jui-Yu Chou
Vol.51 No.1 (January 2024)Research Article View: 1,857 Download: 539
DOI: 10.12982/CMJS.2023.054.
Worachai Wongwatcharayothin, Supawan Thawornchinsombut and Akkasit Jongjareonrak
Vol.50 No.5 (September 2023)Research Article View: 1,417 Download: 940
DOI: 10.12982/CMJS.2023.045.
Kanokwan Jitpimai, Lukana Ngiwsara, Weeranuch Lang, Thanawan Panichpat, Ratchanee Mingma, Jisnuson Svasti and Jintanart Wongchawalit
Vol.50 No.5 (September 2023)Research Article View: 2,523 Download: 1,162
DOI: 10.12982/CMJS.2023.034.
Tharinee Klawpiyapamornkun, Thida Kaewkod, Toungporn Uttarotai, Sunanta Wangkarn, Panee Sirisa-ard, Suwalee Kiatkarun, Yingmanee Tragoolpua and Sakunnee Bovonsombut
Vol.50 No.3 (May 2023)Research Article View: 1,200 Download: 799
DOI: 10.12982/CMJS.2023.001.
Juan He, Jiarui Liu, Meiqi Cheng, Jingyu Sun, Wei Chen and Weidong Pan
Vol.50 No.1 (January 2023)Research Article View: 1,683 Download: 971
DOI: 10.12982/CMJS.2022.070.
Melford C. Egbujor, Uchechukwu C. Okoro, Attah S. Egu, Vivian I. Okonkwo, Sunday N. Okafor, Chigbundu N. Emeruwa, Pius I. Egwuatu, Odera R. Umeh, Mercy I. Eziafakaego, Ifeanyi S. Amasiatu and David C. Nwobodo
Vol.49 No.4 (July 2022)Research Article View: 2,280 Download: 387
DOI: 10.12982/CMJS.2022.030.
Hau Van Nguyen, Jaroon Jakmunee, Napaporn Youngvises and Pakorn Preechaburana
Vol.49 No.2 (March 2022)Research Article View: 1,852 Download: 1,402
page: 1500 - 1510
Ponsit Sathapondecha and Sukhuman Whankaew
Vol.48 No.6 (November 2021)Research Article View: 2,336 Download: 781
page: 969 - 978
Lim Shu Fang, Kivaandra Dayaa Rao Ramarao, Zuliana Razali and Chandran Somasundram
Vol.48 No.4 (July 2021)Research Article View: 1,637 Download: 514
page: 1036 - 1044
Jinfeng Yang, Myong Jo Kim, Weiling Chen, Yong Soo Kwon and Ji Hye Yoo
Vol.48 No.4 (July 2021)Research Article View: 1,174 Download: 129
page: 150 - 162
Anupong Joompang, Wisarut Payoungkiattikun, Jirayut Dansuk, Napat Nuramrum, Nisachon Jangpromma, Santi Phosri, Bancha Mahong and Sompong Klaynongsruang*
Vol.48 No.1 (January 2021)Research Article View: 1,743 Download: 1,198
page: 112 - 122
Sapit Diloksumpun, Preeya Jeenho, Samran Namkhot, Tharinee Saleepochn, Suwaporn Luangkamin*
Vol.48 No.1 (January 2021)Research Article View: 1,257 Download: 547
page: 1241 - 1254
Atta Ullah Khan*, Iqbal Hussain and Riaz Ullah
Vol.47 No.6 (November 2020)Research Article View: 1,195 Download: 594
page: 912 - 925
Patcharawan Sittisart, Benjawan Dunkhunthod and Chokchai Chuea-nongthon
Vol.47 No.5 (September 2020)Research Article View: 1,479 Download: 736
page: 499 - 512
Gui-Sheng Zhou, Yu-Ping Tang, Yao Li and Jin-Ao Duan
Vol.47 No.3 (May 2020)Research Article View: 1,186 Download: 2,104
page: 1207 - 1218
Waqar Uddin, Saif Ullah, Shafiq ur Rehman, Gang Hu*, Muhammad Yasir Nawabi, Zhaohui Fang*, Saira Sardar and Rooh Ullah
Vol.46 No.6 (November 2019)Research Article View: 1,089 Download: 465
page: 930 - 945
Kanokwan Kiattisin*, Nutjeera Intasai, Nichcha Nitthikan, Thananya Nantarat, Kuan-Han Lee, Wei-Chao Lin, Shang-Chian Lue and Pimporn Leelapornpisid
Vol.46 No.5 (September 2019)Research Article View: 1,305 Download: 658
page: 661 - 671
Víctor Manuel Moo-Huchin*, María de Lourdes Vargas y Vargas , Jorge Abraham Tamayo-Cortez, Daniel Arcángel López-Sauri, Enrique Sauri-Duch, Alejandro Ortiz-Fernández, César Abraham Can-Cauich, David Betancur-Ancona
Vol.46 No.4 (July 2019)Research Article View: 1,058 Download: 446
page: 510 - 522
Ying Zhang, Jiaxuan Li, Zheng Jia, Jianqing Chen, Chunbo Gao and Zunlai Sheng
Vol.46 No.3 (May 2019)Research Article View: 958 Download: 335
page: 295 - 307
Puttaporn Klayprasert, Kritsana Jitmanee, Napaporn Youngvises and Jaroon Jakmunee*
Vol.46 No.2 (March 2019)Research Article View: 990 Download: 340
page: 284 - 294
Kanokwan Kiattisin, Nichcha Nitthikan, Worrapan Poomanee, Pimporn Leelapornpisid, Helmut Viernstein and Monika Mueller
Vol.46 No.2 (March 2019)Research Article View: 1,040 Download: 1,020
page: 180 - 195
Aranya Manosroi, Charinya Chankhampan, Bang-on Kietthanakorn, Warintorn Ruksiriwanich, Puxvadee Chaikul, Korawinwich Boonpisuttinant, Mathukorn Sainakham, Worapaka Manosroi, Theeraphong Tangjai and Jiradej Manosroi
Vol.46 No.2 (March 2019)Research Article View: 1,813 Download: 661
page: 2779 - 2789
Truong Kim Tai, Jittima Thongklay, Pisipong Meunprasertdee, Papadchaya Kornthattalim and Thammarat Kaaewmanee
Vol.45 NO.7 (November 2018)Research Article View: 1,225 Download: 948
page: 2338 - 2347
Wararut Bunchareon, Supaporn Pamok, Supap Saenphet and Kanokporn Saenphet
Vol.45 No.6 (September 2018)Research Article View: 1,059 Download: 458
page: 1782 - 1795
Amwaj Mohammed Al-Breiki, Huda Mubarak Al-Brashdi, Jamal Nasser Al-Sabahi and Shah Alam Khan
Vol.45 No.4 (July 2018)Research Article View: 1,297 Download: 364
page: 1713 - 1727
Mathurot Chaiharn, Waya S. Phutdhawong, Doungporn Amornlerdpison and Weerachai Phutdhawong
Vol.45 No.4 (July 2018)Research Article View: 1,174 Download: 540
page: 1519 - 1530
Hui Wen Chong, Khansa Rezaei, Bee Lynn Chew and Vuanghao Lim*
Vol.45 No.3 (May 2018)Research Article View: 993 Download: 376
page: 1372 - 1382
Siriluck Surin, Phisit Seesuriyachan, Prodpran Thakeow, SangGuan You and Yuthana Phimolsiripol*
Vol.45 No.3 (May 2018)Research Article View: 1,145 Download: 446
page: 1359 - 1371
Nisachon Jangpromma, Khantheeranut Suttee, Santi Phosri, Tinnakorn Theansungnoen, Jiraporn Lueangsakulthai, Wisarut Payoungkiattikun, Sakda Daduang and Sompong Klaynongsruang*
Vol.45 No.3 (May 2018)Research Article View: 1,186 Download: 491
page: 937 - 948
Suat-HianTan* and Md. Rezaul Karim
Vol.45 No.2 (March 2018)Research Article View: 999 Download: 280
page: 927 - 936
Supaporn Yamuangmorn, Bernard Dell, Benjavan Rerkasem and Chanakan Prom-u-thai*
Vol.45 No.2 (March 2018)Research Article View: 1,530 Download: 609
page: 905 - 916
Arthitaya Kawee-ai, Pimpak Phumat, Siriporn Okonogi, Srikarnjana Klayraung and Phisit Seesuriyachan*
Vol.45 No.2 (March 2018)Research Article View: 1,113 Download: 338
page: 897 - 904
Tarek F. Eissa, Elena Gonzalez-Burgos, M. Emilia Carretero and M. Pilar Gomez-Serranillos*
Vol.45 No.2 (March 2018)Research Article View: 985 Download: 319
page: 858 - 867
Pankaj Kumar Jain, Arjun Patra*+, Swaha Satpathy, Sonika Jain and Saleemulla Khan
Vol.45 No.2 (March 2018)Research Article View: 1,061 Download: 365
page: 762 - 773
Pasakawee Krittalak*, Banjongsinsiri Panida, Lekhavat Supaporn, Noojuy Nowwapan, Taksima Takunrat and Srimongkoluk Ubolwanna
Vol.45 No.2 (March 2018)Research Article View: 1,172 Download: 1,017
page: 331 - 341
Qian Chen, Tian-Tian Zhang and Jian-Guo Jiang
Vol.45 No.1 (January 2018)Research Article View: 973 Download: 280
page: 287 - 298
Duygu Taşkın, Dilek B. Alkaya and Emre Dölen
Vol.45 No.1 (January 2018)Research Article View: 1,616 Download: 318
page: 263 - 276
Krittalak Pasakawee, Somdet Srichairatanakool, Thunnop Laokuldilok and Niramon Utama-ang
Vol.45 No.1 (January 2018)Research Article View: 1,034 Download: 288
page: 249 - 262
Chanutchamon Sutthiwanjampa and Sang Moo Kim
Vol.45 No.1 (January 2018)Research Article View: 999 Download: 451
page: 1334 - 1346
Jiradej Manosroi, Charinya Chankhampan, Worapaka Manosroi and Aranya Manosroi*
Vol.44 No.4 (October 2017)Research Article View: 1,123 Download: 338
page: 929 - 938
Shruti Shukla* and Archana Mehta
Vol.44 No.3 (July 2017)Research Article View: 1,095 Download: 474
page: 904 - 911
Syed Mubashar Sabir*, Rashad Hussain Shah and Asad Hussain Shah
Vol.44 No.3 (July 2017)Research Article View: 1,001 Download: 516
page: 869 - 880
Rajendra Mehta, Raj Kumar, Roshni Tandey and Vivekananda Mandal*
Vol.44 No.3 (July 2017)Research Article View: 960 Download: 304
page: 605 - 616
V ctor M. Moo-Huchin [a], Gustavo A. Gonz lez-Aguilar [b], Mariela Moo-Huchin [c], Elizabeth Ortiz-V zquez [d], Luis Cuevas-Glory [d], Enrique Sauri-Duch [d] and David Betancur-Ancona* [e]
Vol.44 No.2 (April 2017)Research Article View: 1,004 Download: 1,054
page: 595 - 604
Xiao Juan Xu, Yu Zhang, Hong Lin, Chao Kang, Xiao Ting Fu*
Vol.44 No.2 (April 2017)Research Article View: 1,005 Download: 277
page: 573 - 583
Nichana Nakpanich, Wantida Chaiyana and Pimporn Leelapornpisid*
Vol.44 No.2 (April 2017)Research Article View: 1,088 Download: 401
page: 438 - 448
Sirikarn Sanpa [a,b], Milena Popova [c], Tawee Tunkasiri [d], Sukum Eitssayeam [d], Vassya Bankova [
Vol.44 No.2 (April 2017)Research Article View: 1,827 Download: 473
page: 193 - 202
Nadechanok Jiangseubchatveera, Saisunee Liawruangrath, Aphiwat Teerawutgulrag, Dammrong Santiarwor
Vol.44 No.1 (JANUARY 2017)Research Article View: 1,192 Download: 686
page: 176 - 183
Thidarat Somdee *, Udomsak Mahaweerawat, Jindawan Wibulutai, Namphuang Dungkokruad and Suneerat Yung
Vol.44 No.1 (JANUARY 2017)Research Article View: 1,093 Download: 1,909
page: 144 - 156
Pawinee Deetae*[a, e], Kwanrudee Tseng [a], Chanathinart Pasuphan [a], Atikorn Panya [b], Pawadee Methacanon [c], Waranya Temthawee [a] and Manop Suphantharika [d]
Vol.44 No.1 (JANUARY 2017)Research Article View: 2,251 Download: 413
page: 1090 - 1101
Mehmet Boğa*[a], Abdulselam Ertaş [b], Nesrin Haşimi [c], Serpil Demirci [d], Mustafa Abdullah Yılmaz [e], Hamdi Temel [f] and Ufuk Kolak [g]
Vol.43 No.5 (OCTOBER 2016)Research Article View: 1,033 Download: 378
page: 834 - 844
Thidarat Somdee*[a], Udomsak Mahaweerawat [a], Methin Phadungkit [b] and Suneerat Yangyuen [a]
Vol.43 No.4 (JULY 2016)Research Article View: 981 Download: 291
page: 578 - 584
Nurziana Ngah*, Nor Azanita Mohamed, and Deny Susanti Darnis
Vol.43 No.3 (APRIL 2016)Research Article View: 922 Download: 318
page: 535 - 546
Duangsuree Sanseera, Boonsom Liawruangrath *, Stephen G. Pyne and Saisunee Liawruangrath*
Vol.43 No.3 (APRIL 2016)Research Article View: 1,493 Download: 867
page: 11 - 21
Pattarawadee Sumthong Nakmee* [a], Soontree Khuntong [a] and Nitra Nuengchamnong [b]
Vol.43 No.1 (JANUARY 2016)Research Article View: 1,050 Download: 424
page: 68 - 79
Sutee Wangtueai [a, b]*, Susanne Siebenhandl-Ehn [c] and Dietmar Haltrich [c]
Vol.43 No.1 (JANUARY 2016)Research Article View: 1,156 Download: 559
page: 123 - 137
Pornnapa Chuenchom, Prasan Swatsitang, Thanaset Senawong, Sanun Jogloy
Vol.43 No.1 (JANUARY 2016)Research Article View: 1,091 Download: 594
page: 112 - 122
Sushil Kumar Middha [a,c], Talambedu Usha [b]* and Veena Pande [a]
Vol.43 No.1 (JANUARY 2016)Research Article View: 900 Download: 406
page: 80 - 88
Arvind Kumar Goyal [a,b], Sushil Kumar Middha [c], Talambedu Usha [c] and Arnab Sen*[a]
Vol.43 No.1 (JANUARY 2016)Research Article View: 973 Download: 245
page: 89 - 99
Abdulselam Ertas*[a,b], Mehmet Boga [b,c], Isil Gazioglu [d], Yeter Yesil [e] , Nesrin Hasimi [f], Cumali Ozaslan [g], Hasibe Yilmaz[h], Muammer Kaplan[j]
Vol.43 No.1 (JANUARY 2016)Research Article View: 1,018 Download: 379
page: 896 - 906
Sikeret Kongkeaw, Siriporn Riebroy and Manat Chaijan
Vol.42 No.4 (OCTOBER 2015)Research Article View: 1,051 Download: 349
page: 886 - 895
Shivraj Hariram Nile, Umesh Bapurao Patil and Se Won Park
Vol.42 No.4 (OCTOBER 2015)Research Article View: 1,009 Download: 514
page: 657 - 668
Trakul Prommajak, Sang Moo Kim, Cheol-Ho Pan, Sang Min Kim, Suthat Surawang, Nithiya
Vol.42 No.3 (JULY 2015)Research Article View: 1,042 Download: 334
page: 699 - 711
Angkana Wipatanawin, Sudarat Phongsawanit, Thadthanan Maneeratprasert, Sittiwat Lertsiri
Vol.42 No.3 (JULY 2015)Research Article View: 1,135 Download: 377
page: 626 - 636
Wiwat Wangcharoen, Kriangsak Mengumphan and Doungporn Amornlerdpison
Vol.42 No.3 (JULY 2015)Research Article View: 957 Download: 265
page: 1 - 16
Zulkarnain Mohamed Idris, Parveen Jamal, Md Zahangir Alam, Abdul Haseeb Ansari, A
Vol.42 No.1 (JANUARY 2015)Research Article View: 1,025 Download: 309
page: 992 - 1006
Yixin Qian [a, b], Jichuan Kang*[a, c], Lu Wang [a], Bangxing Lei [a] and Kevin D. Hyde [d, e]
Vol.41 No.5/1 (OCTOBER 2014)Research Article View: 1,005 Download: 305
page: 1121 - 1131
Kantarat Jirakittirat, Supap Saenphet and Kanokporn Saenphet*
Vol.41 No.5/1 (OCTOBER 2014)Research Article View: 882 Download: 269
page: 636 - 642
Nattaya Ongphimai [a], Supathra Lilitchan*[a], Kornkanok Aryusuk [b], Akkarach Bumrungpert [a], et a
Vol.40 No.4 (OCTOBER 2013)Research Article View: 1,036 Download: 366
page: 603 - 617
Aranya Manosroi*[a,b], Bang-on Kietthanakorn [b], Charinya Chankhampan [b], Narinthorn Khositsuntiwo
Vol.40 No.4 (OCTOBER 2013)Research Article View: 1,004 Download: 361
page: 577 - 592
Nayira A. Abdel Baky [a]*, L.M. Faddah [a] , Nouf M. Al-Rasheed [a], Nawal M. Al-Rasheed [a] , and W
Vol.40 No.4 (OCTOBER 2013)Research Article View: 980 Download: 321
page: 517 - 533
Orawan Suwantong *[a], Porntipa Pankongadisak [a], Suwanna Deachathai [a] and Pitt Supaphol [b]
Vol.40 No.3 (JULY 2013)Research Article View: 967 Download: 312
page: 224 - 231
Jakkrapun Kongkedsuk [a], Apisake Hongwitayakorn [a], Wannarekha Bootnapang [b], Nisachon Boonto [b
Vol.40 No.2 (APRIL 2013)Research Article View: 1,409 Download: 338
page: 49 - 59
Bibi Sedigheh Fazly-Bazzaz *[a], Atefeh Arab [b], Seyed Ahmad Emami [c], Javad Asili [c], Mohamad Ha
Vol.40 No.1 (JANUARY 2013)Research Article View: 980 Download: 333
page: 34 - 48
Hip Seng Yim*[a, b], Fook Yee Chye [b], Mei Lian Liow [a], and Chun Wai Ho [a]
Vol.40 No.1 (JANUARY 2013)Research Article View: 1,015 Download: 359
page: 599 - 609
Eric W.C. Chan*, Suit Ying Eng, Yuen Ping Tan, Zhiew Cheng Wong, Phui Yan Lye, and Lea Ngar Tan
Vol.39 No.4 (OCTOBER 2012)Research Article View: 1,178 Download: 353
page: 562 - 574
Katekan Dajanta1,2, Ekachai Chukeatirote3,* and Arunee Apichartsrangkoon2
Vol.39 No.4 (OCTOBER 2012)Research Article View: 931 Download: 342
page: 455 - 463
Sukanya Keawsa-ard* [a] and Samart Kongtaweelert [b]
Vol.39 No.3 (JULY 2012)Research Article View: 1,039 Download: 626
page: 429 - 444
Teerayut Theantana [a,b], Duangta Kanjanapothi [c], Saisamorn Lumyong* [b]
Vol.39 No.3 (JULY 2012)Research Article View: 992 Download: 294
page: 560 - 571
Asmita Dutta and Mukesh Singh
Vol.38 No.4 (OCTOBER 2011)Research Article View: 971 Download: 404
page: 117 - 122
Sarunya Chuanphongpanich* [a], Maitree Suttajit [b], Sukon Phanichphant [c Duang Buddhasukh [c]
Vol.33 No.1 (JANUARY 2006)Research Article View: 977 Download: 367
page: 123 - 130
Parichat Budrat and Artiwan Shotipruk
Vol.35 No.1 (JANUARY 2008)Research Article View: 1,024 Download: 677
page: 42 - 49
Em-on Chairote, Griangsak Chairote, and Saisamorn Lumyong
Vol.36 No.1 (JANUARY 2009)Research Article View: 1,158 Download: 374
page: 1 - 5
Anchana Chanwitheesuk, Nuansri Rakariyatham*, Aphiwat Teerawutgulrag and Teerapol Wongchanapiboon
Vol.29 No.1 (APRIL 2002)Opinion View: 1,135 Download: 366
page: 507 - 516
Yuwadee Peerapornpisal, Doungporn Amornlerdpison, Utan Jamjai, Tawat Taesotikul, Yanee Pongpaibul,
Vol.37 No.3 (SEPTEMBER 2010)Research Article View: 1,040 Download: 375
page: 489 - 497
Raghavendra H. Lakshmanashetty, Vijayananda B. Nagaraj, Madhumathi G. Hiremath and Vadlapudi Kumar
Vol.37 No.3 (SEPTEMBER 2010)Research Article View: 1,537 Download: 1,186