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Author: Numan Sajid, Shehla Khalid, Abid Mahmood, Muhammad Usman Qamar, Nasir Rasool, Muhammad Imran ,Cezario Petru Podasca and Catalin Misarca
Vol. Vol.52 No.3 In progress (May 2025). This issue is in progress but contains articles that are final and fully citable. Article ID e2025023
The pharmaceutical sector is facing major concerns in addressing effective drug molecules against extensively drug-resistant S. Typhi. Exploiting the medicinal benefits of amines, we synthesized novel small organic molecules bearing both pyridine and secondary amine linkages. The N-(4-bromobenzyl)-4-methylpyridin-2-amine (3) and derivatives (5a–c) have been synthesized which are effective against multiple drugresistant S. Typhi. Then, the antibacterial efficacy of these compounds was determined by using Agar Well diffusion assay (AWDA). Compound 5b was active (MIC 3.125 mg/mL). Molecular docking studies demonstrated the behavior of small molecules at the binding sites of XDR-S. Typhi 5ZTJ protein through atomic-level interaction. Moreover, the structure elucidation, evaluation of optimized geometry, and molecular stability were done via DFT analysis.
Author: Thalaieswaran Selvam and Ayyappan Solaiyappan
Vol. Vol.52 No.3 In progress (May 2025). This issue is in progress but contains articles that are final and fully citable. Article ID e2025024
Welding dissimilar aluminium alloys is critical for maritime, automotive and aviation industries. Friction stir welding (FSW) is a promising technique that can achieve this by operating at lower temperatures, lowering intermetallic formation, and preserving the base material properties. However, conventional FSW generally has defects that reduce the overall mechanical properties. This work aims to enhance the weld strength of AA6061-T651 and AA7075-T651 by using an in-line directed jet cooling method using a coolant-water mixture in the weld zone. The key FSW parameters like tool rotational speed (1000, 1200, 1400 rpm), welding traverse speed (60, 90, 120 mm/min) and water-coolant mixing ratio (90:10, 70:30, 50:50). The tensile strength (ASTM E8M-04), microhardness (ASTM E384), and microstructural analysis using optical microscope and scanning electron microscope were conducted on the welded sample. The results indicate that the optimum weld conditions 1400 rpm tool rotational speed, 60 mm/min traverse speed and 50:50 water-coolant mixture yielded the maximum tensile strength of 225.22 MPa, showing a 61.55% improvement over the conventional FSW. A maximum hardness of 168.03 HV with a 56.25% increase was observed for the same process parameters. In addition, the microstructure analysis revealed that the Mg2Si dissolution has significantly reduced, thereby offering grain refinement at the weld zone. These findings prove that using the directed jet cooling method effectively improves the weld strength of dissimilar aluminium alloys, making it suitable for high-performance industrial applications.
Author: Singhaneit Phanaphitakkul, Ponsit Sathapondecha and Somporn Tanskul
Vol. Vol.52 No.3 In progress (May 2025). This issue is in progress but contains articles that are final and fully citable. Article ID e2025025
Bacterial cellulose (BC), a polysaccharide produced by bacteria, is widely used in various fields. In our previous study, we isolated a BCproducing bacterium, Komagataeibacter sp. MI 2, and investigated its ability to produce BC. However, the genetic information of this bacterium has not yet been investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the BC-producing Komagataeibacter sp. MI 2 using whole genome sequencing technologies. The bacterial genome was assembled from both short- and long-reads data and yielded 4 completed circular chromosomes consisting of 1 chromosome and 3 plasmids. A total of 3.8 Mb of the genome was 99% assembled completeness analyzed by BUSCO, 60.28% of GC content, and 3.52 Mb of N50. Among the 3,612 annotated genes, most genes play a role in metabolic and secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways according to KEGG analysis. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that Komagataeibacter sp. MI 2 is very related to K. diospyri indicating that it is most likely K. diospyri MI 2. We found a putative bacteriocin, linocin M18, and no antibiotic-resistant gene was identified in the genome of K. diospyri MI 2. In addition, several genetic mobile elements were identified in the genome. For BC biosynthesis, we compared the bsc operon and BC biosynthesis genes between Komagataeibacter sp. The result showed that most Komagataeibacter sp., including K. diospyri MI 2, contained almost all BC biosynthesis-related genes in the genome, suggesting potentially BC-producing bacteria. This study provided genomic information of K. diospyri MI 2 and its potential for bacterial cellulose production.
Author: Achala J. Gajanayake, Ruvishika S. Jayawardena, Feng-Ming Yu, Jing-Zu Sun, Thatsanee Luangharn, Naritsada Thongklang and Kevin D. Hyde
Vol. Vol.52 No.3 In progress (May 2025). This issue is in progress but contains articles that are final and fully citable. Article ID e2025026
Fungicolous fungi represent an ecologically and economically significant group of organisms, with potential applications in biological control and various industrial processes. Accurate identification and comprehensive investigation of the taxonomic diversity of fungicolous taxa are essential for understanding their ecological roles and harnessing their potential applications. Compiling the dispersed published information on fungicolous fungi provides a robust foundation for understanding their taxonomic diversity, improving identification accuracy, and ensuring proper documentation. This in turn, will aid in assessing their ecological significance, identifying research gaps, and outlining future directions for the study of this group of organisms. The website (https://www.fungicolousfungi. org/) serves as a user-friendly platform, continuously updated to provide information on aspects such as morphology, phylogeny, ecology, hosts/ substrates, distribution, and industrial relevance of fungicolous fungi.
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