Chiang Mai Journal of Science

Print ISSN: 0125-2526 | eISSN : 2465-3845

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Comparative Effects of Solvent Polarity on Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents, Antioxidant Activity, and Cytotoxicity of Litsea elliptica Leaf Extracts

Kwanchayanawish Machana*, Anusorn Thumpithak, Sirirat Phakpaknam, Pattarakorn Sirikul, Pornpimol Namvichaisirikul, Atcharee Chatsuwankit, Nitcha Prapruttipong, Wuttipat Kumpiranont, Kanokwan Waiyanont, Atthasit Sangthong, Natcha Namsiripongpun, Chonlada Judprakob and Natthida Weerapreeyakul
* Author for corresponding; e-mail address: kwanchaya.m@nmc.ac.th
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4585-1672
Volume: Vol.53 No.4 (July 2026)
Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12982/CMJS.2026.067
Received: 20 January 2026, Revised: 30 May 2026, Accepted: 13 June 2026, Published: -

Citation: Machana K., Thumpithak A., Phakpaknam S., Sirikul P., Namvichaisirikul P., Chatsuwankit A., et al., Comparative effects of solvent polarity on phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxicity of Litsea elliptica leaf extracts. Chiang Mai Journal of Science, 2026; 53(4): e2026067. DOI 10.12982/CMJS.2026.067.

Graphical Abstract

Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Litsea elliptica Blume (syn. Litsea petiolata Hook.f.) is traditionally used in Southeast Asia for the treatment of various ailments and has been reported to possess antioxidant and chemopreventive properties. This study investigated the effects of solvent polarity on extraction yield, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activity, and cytotoxicity of L. elliptica leaf extracts. Dried leaves were extracted using water, ethanol, and methanol. TPC and TFC were determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu and aluminium chloride colorimetric methods, respectively. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assays, while cytotoxicity was assessed against HCT116 human colorectal carcinoma and Vero cells using the NR assay. Results exhibited that the ethanol extract exhibited the highest TPC (322.9 ± 3.7 mg GAE/g extract) and TFC (126.8 ± 0.8 mg QE/g extract). The ethanol extract also demonstrated the strongest antioxidant activity, with IC₅₀ values of 14.9 ± 0.5 µg/mL and 2.6 ± 0.1 µg/mL in the DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively. Strong inverse correlations were observed between TPC/TFC and antioxidant IC₅₀ values. The methanolic and aqueous extracts showed comparable cytotoxic activity against HCT116 cells, with IC₅₀ values of 41.01 ± 9.79 and 42.98 ± 6.85 µg/mL, respectively. Notably, the aqueous extract demonstrated the highest selectivity toward HCT116 cells (SI = 8.42). Overall, these findings demonstrate that solvent polarity significantly influences the phytochemical composition and biological activities of L. elliptica leaf extracts and highlight their potential as a natural source of antioxidant and anticancer compounds for further therapeutic investigation.

Keywords: Litsea elliptica, antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, cytotoxicity

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