Chiang Mai Journal of Science

Print ISSN: 0125-2526 | eISSN : 2465-3845

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Antifungal and Cytotoxic Activity ofEverniastrum cirrhatum (Fr.) Hale

Prasith Kekuda T. Ramamoorthy, Raghavendra H. LakshmanaShetty, Swathi Devidas, Venugopal T. Mudduraj
* Author for corresponding; e-mail address: raghavendra.hl@rediffmail.com
Volume: Vol.39 No.1 (JANUARY 2012)
Research Article
DOI:
Received: 7 January 2011, Revised: -, Accepted: 25 July 2011, Published: -

Citation: Ramamoorthy P.K.T., Lakshmanashetty R.H., Devidas S. and Mudduraj V.T., Antifungal and Cytotoxic Activity ofEverniastrum cirrhatum (Fr.) Hale, Chiang Mai Journal of Science, 2012; 39(1): 76-83.

Abstract

Everniastrum  cirrhatum (Fr.) Hale (Parmeliaceae) is  a  foliose  macrolichen  which usually  grows  on  the barks  of  trees  in  temperate  regions. In  the  present  study, we  report  for  the  first  time  antifungal  and  cytotoxic activity  of  E. cirrhatum. The  dried  lichen  material  was  powdered  and  extracted  with  methanol using  by  soxhlet  apparatus. Antifungal  activity  of  extract (10-100 mg/ml) was  tested  against  two  clinical  fungal   isolates  namely  Candida  albicans  and  Cryptococcus  neoformans  by  well-in-agar  method. Cytotoxic  activity  of extract (0-1,000 μg/ml) was assessed  against  the  brine  shrimp  Artemia  nauplii. Antifungal  activity  of  methanol  extract  revealed  that  the  growth  of  the  fungi  was  affected  in  a dose  dependent  manner. The  susceptibility  to methanol  extract  was  higher  in  case  of  C. neoformans. In  cytotoxic  study, the degree  of  lethality  of  extract  was  found  to  be  concentration  dependent. Highest  mortality  of shrimp (100%) was  observed  in case  of  extract  concentration  1,000 μg/ml. LC50  value  for  extract  was  found  to  be 47.06 μg/ml  and thus  the  extract  is  toxic. Preliminary  phytochemical  analysis  of  methanol  extract  by  chemical  tests revealed  the presence of  alkaloids, saponins, tannins  and  terpenoids. In  our  study, the  extract  was  potent  as  it  produced  marked  antifungal  and  cytotoxic  activity  which  may  be  attributed  to  the  presence  of  secondary  metabolites. In  suitable  form, the  lichen  could be  used  for the  treatment  fungal  infections  and  cancer. Further, detailed  investigations  on  active  principles  in  the  lichen  extract  and  their  bio-efficacy  could  provide leads  to  interesting  antifungal  and  cytotoxic  or  anti-tumor  drugs.

Keywords: Everniastrum cirrhatum (Fr.) hale, well-in-agar method, cytotoxicity, brine shrimp lethality, Artemia nauplii, LC50

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