Chiang Mai Journal of Science

Print ISSN: 0125-2526 | eISSN : 2465-3845

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Removal of Chromium (III) Heavy Metal Ions from Aqueous Solutions by Green Synthesized Calix[6]arene

Susy Yunita Prabawati, Nina Hamidah and Afifah Mufidati
* Author for corresponding; e-mail address: susy.prabawati@uin-suka.ac.id
Volume: Vol.52 No.1 (January 2025)
Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12982/CMJS.2025.005
Received: 14 September 2024, Revised: 13 November 2024, Accepted: 15 December 2024, Published: 29 January 2025

Citation: Prabawati S.Y., Hamidah N. and Mufidati A., Removal of chromium (III) heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions by green synthesized calix[6]arene. Chiang Mai Journal of Science, 2025; 52(1): e2025005. DOI 10.12982/CMJS.2025.005.

Graphical Abstract

Graphical Abstract

Abstract

     In this study, p-tert-butylcalix[6]arene has been successfully synthesized using tert-butylphenol, formaldehyde, and KOH base catalyst. The synthesis process was carried out using a solvent-free grinding technique to minimize waste formation. The grinding technique was selected because the synthesis process was easy and environmentally friendly. With the synthesis yield of 62.58%, the product obtained was a yellow-brownish solid with a melting point >300°C, insoluble in water but soluble in methanol. The product was characterized using FTIR spectrophotometer, and resulted in spectra showing absorption band for methylene bridge (-CH2-) vibration at the wave number of 1473.62 cm-1. The results of the LC-MS chromatogram analysis showed that the molecular weight of the compound was 974.77 g/mol. The product was then tested for its ability to adsorb Cr(III) metal ions by batch method at pH 5 with variations in contact time and different initial concentrations of metal ions. Calix[6]arene was tested as a Cr(III) metal ion adsorbent because the size of the cavity diameter of calix[6]arene matches to the size of the lower period heavy metal cation. The results showed that the amount of adsorbed metal increased with the increasing of the contact time and reaches stability within 120 min. The adsorption capacity value was 7.414 μmol/g with a Gibbs adsorption energy value of -26.198 kJ/mol.

Keywords: p-tert-butylcalix[6]arene, grinding, solvent free, adsorption, Cr(III) metal ions

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