Chiang Mai Journal of Science

Print ISSN: 0125-2526 | eISSN : 2465-3845

1,647
Articles
Q3 0.80
Impact Factor
Q3 1.3
CiteScore
7 days
Avg. First Decision
Outline
Figures and Tables
ARTICLE METRICS
Views 1,617
Downloads 532

Process Optimization and Modeling of Low-cost Activated Carbon Preparation and Its Application in Chromium(VI) Removal

Theeradit Phothitontimongkol and Kanyarak Prasertboonyai
* Author for corresponding; e-mail address: kanyarak.p@sciee.kmutnb.ac.th
Volume: Vol.49 No.6 (November 2022)
Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12982/CMJS.2022.100
Received: 14 June 2022, Revised: 1 September 2022, Accepted: 20 September 2022, Published: -

Citation: Phothitontimongkol T. and Prasertboonyai K., Process optimization and modeling of low-cost activated carbon preparation and its application in chromium(VI) removal. Chiang Mai Journal of Science, 2022; 49(6): 1559-1575. DOI 10.12982/CMJS.2022.100.

Abstract

     In this study, Salacca zalacca seed (SS) agricultural waste was employed as a material for the preparation of activated carbon. Salacca zalacca seed activated carbon (SSAC) was chemically activated using H3PO4 and used as an adsorbent for chromium (VI) adsorption. The effect of various experimental parameters such as activation temperature, impregnation ratio, and H3PO4 concentration (%) on adsorption capacity was determined using response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum condition prediction of these values from RSM alines well with experimental data; activation temperature (800 °C), impregnation ratio (3.50) and H3PO4 concentration (75 %). SSAC activated at the optimum condition were intensively characterized to understand the morphology, surface charge density, chemical compositon and textural property by using SEM, pHpzc, FTIR, CHON analysis, and N2 adsorption-desorption. Maximum chromium (VI) adsorption was 7.94 mg/g. Langmuir adsorption model was effectively fi tted to the equilibrium adsorption information. Furthermore, the pseudo- second-order kinetic model also explains the experimental data well. Overall, the results suggested that RSM could optimize the preparation conditions of Salacca zalacca seed biochar leading to enhance the adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) using Salacca zalacca seed activated carbon. Moreover, SSAC provides a great reuseablity upto 6th cycles. This result ensures that SSAC has a great potentiality as a low-cost, high-value agricultural waste adsorbent for Cr(VI) removal.

Keywords: Salacca zalacca seed, adsorption, chromium(VI), activated carbon, RSM

Related Articles

Adsorption Performance of Spherical Porous SiO2 on Heavy Metal Cu2+ in Wastewater
DOI: 10.12982/CMJS.2025.075.

Yan-Min Chen, Zhen-Zhen Chen, Bei-Bei Qi, Ye-Xuan Cai, Jia-Meng Li and Yi-Fan Han

Vol.52 No.5 (September 2025)
Research Article View: 1,307 Download: 111
Barite Adsorption Efficiency for Removal of Mannose. Experimental Measurements and Equilibrium Study
DOI: 10.12982/CMJS.2025.034.

Mustafa Jaip Allah Abdelmageed Abualreish

Vol.52 No.3 (May 2025)
Research Article View: 543 Download: 254
A Rhizobacterium Kitasatospora nipponensis Demonstrates Antifungal Activity against Basal Stem Rot Disease and Promotes Plant Growth in Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis) Seedlings
DOI: 10.12982/CMJS.2025.033.

Anurag Sunpapao, Supaporn Pithakkit and Prisana Wonglom

Vol.52 No.3 (May 2025)
Research Article View: 900 Download: 340
Removal of Chromium (III) Heavy Metal Ions from Aqueous Solutions by Green Synthesized Calix[6]arene
DOI: 10.12982/CMJS.2025.005.

Susy Yunita Prabawati, Nina Hamidah and Afifah Mufidati

Vol.52 No.1 (January 2025)
Research Article View: 885 Download: 374
H2S Removal from Biogas using Steel Wool (Fe2O3) Adsorption Combined with Water Absorption: Experimental and Modelling via RSM
DOI: 10.12982/CMJS.2024.027.

Jiraporn Paoaiang, Prukraya Pongyeela, Nirana Chairerk and Juntima Chungsiriporn

Vol.51 No.2 (March 2024)
Research Article View: 1,635 Download: 1,730
Water-based Synthesis of MIL-53(Al) at Room Temperature: An Effective Adsorbent for Oxytetracycline (OTC) Antibiotic Removal from Water
DOI: 10.12982/CMJS.2024.010.

Parnuch Hongsawat, Phuri Kalnaowakul and Panida Prarat

Vol.51 No.1 (January 2024)
Research Article View: 1,793 Download: 627
Development and Optimization of an Amperometric Bi-enzyme Biosensor for Aspartame Determination
DOI: 10.12982/CMJS.2023.064.

Tanaporn Tangtawewipat and Saipin Thanachasai

Vol.50 No.6 (November 2023)
Research Article View: 1,360 Download: 585
Preparation of Porous Silica Nanoparticles by Chemical Etching for Removal of Paraquat from Aqueous Solution
DOI: 10.12982/CMJS.2023.009.

Kanokwan Darasoon, Supawitch Hoijang, Tanapong Kunakham, Sorapong Janhom, Supon Ananta, Gyu Leem and Laongnuan Srisombat

Vol.50 No.1 (January 2023)
Research Article View: 1,719 Download: 1,189
Hydrochar from Lansium domesticum and Salacca zalacca Peel as Adsorbent on Rhodamine-B Removal: Adsorption Process and Regeneration Studies
DOI: 10.12982/CMJS.2022.108.

Mauizatul Hasanah, Alfan Wijaya, Risfidian Mohadi, Fitri Suryani Arsyad and Aldes Lesbani

Vol.49 No.6 (November 2022)
Research Article View: 1,754 Download: 449
2-Methylimidazole-modified Iron Metal-organic Framework as an Efficient Methylene Blue Adsorbent
DOI: 10.12982/CMJS.2022.104.

Yingxin Zhao, Hao Hu, Shengyu Zhang, Shiya Feng, Yun Yang, Xiongjian Li and Shuijin Yang

Vol.49 No.6 (November 2022)
Research Article View: 1,708 Download: 483
Sorption Studies of Cesium on Kunipia-F Bentonite and Silicon Dioxide
DOI: 10.12982/CMJS.2022.093.

Anan O-Manee, Youichi Enokida and Kayo Sawada

Vol.49 No.5 (September 2022)
Research Article View: 1,722 Download: 640
Optimization of GABA Production and Partial gad Gene Identification of Potential Probiotic Levilactobacillus brevis F064A Isolated from Thai Fermented Sausage
DOI: 10.12982/CMJS.2022.068.

Jirapat Kanklai, Narumol Thongwai, Patthanasak Rungsirivanich, Yingmanee Tragoolpua and Jeeraporn Pekkoh

Vol.49 No.4 (July 2022)
Research Article View: 1,939 Download: 832
Cigarette Butts Valorization: Activated Hydrochar for Methylene Blue Removal
DOI: 10.12982/CMJS.2022.062.

Naphatsarnan Phasukarratchai, Budsarin Yattipat, Parichat Muengkrajang, Sasishai Permpoon and Alissara Reungsang

Vol.49 No.4 (July 2022)
Research Article View: 1,977 Download: 1,300
Non-Covalent Interactions between Graphene and Cluster of Ruthenium Oxides and Vanadium Oxides : A Dispersioncorrected Density Functional Theory Study
page: 1606 - 1619

Paphawarin Kheownil, Parameat Seesopha, Sawitree Chuaychoocherd, Panichakorn Jaiyong and Yuthana Tantirungrotechai

Vol.48 No.6 (November 2021)
Research Article View: 1,674 Download: 942
Density Functional Theory Study of Methane Adsorption on LaCoO3 (001) Surface
page: 1645 - 1656

Xuefeng Wang, Hongyan Zhang,Cunbao Deng, Ling Qiao and Shuangli Du

Vol.48 No.6 (November 2021)
Research Article View: 1,647 Download: 490
Preparation of Cattail-derived Activated Carbon and Its Adsorption Performance toward Ibuprofen and Diclofenac in Water
page: 1538 - 1554

Suhua Han, Qiannan Cao, Dongxu Qian, Ye Yang and Minbo Lu

Vol.48 No.6 (November 2021)
Research Article View: 1,637 Download: 328
Intercalated Zn-Cr-[α-SiW12O40] as Removal Agents of Cobalt (II) in Watery Phase: Adsorption and Regeneration Study
page: 545 - 556

Luna Silaen, Neza Rahayu Palapa, Elfita, Risfidian Mohadi and Aldes Lesbani

Vol.48 No.2 (March 2021)
Research Article View: 1,571 Download: 386
A Novel Polyacrylamide-divinylbenzene Functionalized Fe3O4/Coconut Shell Adsorbent with Superior Capacity for Removal of Acridine Orange
page: 520 - 532

Huan Wang*, Wei Zhao, Youning Chen, Xiaoling Yang and Xiaohua Meng

Vol.48 No.2 (March 2021)
Research Article View: 1,385 Download: 351
A Novel Acrylic Intercalated Hydrotalcite for the Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Aqueous Solution: Isotherm, Kinetics, Thermodynamics and Mechanism
page: 1055 - 1067

Wei Zhao, Youning Chen and Yuhong Li

Vol.47 No.5 (September 2020)
Research Article View: 1,509 Download: 419
Batch Removal of Pb (II) from Aqueous Solution using Activated Carbon Prepared from Mangosteen Shell Activated with H2SO4
page: 554 - 566

Anitha Devasahayam, Ramadevi Abbai Ramanujam and Seetharaman Ramasamy

Vol.47 No.3 (May 2020)
Research Article View: 1,741 Download: 635
Adsorption of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid by Magnesium Ferrite Magnetic Nanoparticles Modified with Amine Functional Groups
page: 137 - 146

Supawitch Hoijang, Jeeranan Nonkumwong, Burapol Singhana, Sunanta Wangkarn, Supon Ananta and Laongnuan Srisombat

Vol.47 No.1 (January 2020)
Research Article View: 1,632 Download: 484
Modified Mangosteen Shell in the Removal of Hg (II) from Aqueous Solution-Isotherm and Kinetic Studies
page: 127 - 136

Anitha Devasahayam, Ramadevi Abbai Ramanujam and Seetharaman Ramasamy

Vol.47 No.1 (January 2020)
Research Article View: 1,578 Download: 1,592
New Extraction Procedure and Differential Pulse Voltammetric Method for Determination of Water Soluble Chromium(VI) Content in Portland CementProducts
page: 147 - 159

Jaroon Junsomboon and Jaroon Jakmunee

Vol.47 No.1 (January 2020)
Research Article View: 1,600 Download: 438
Prospective Sorption Evaluation of Hydrothermally Carbonized Lepironia Articulata (Grey sedge) for the Removal of Ni (II) from Aqueous Solution
page: 2220 - 2231

Asadullah, Lupong Kaewsichan and Kanogwan Tohdee

Vol.45 No.5 (Special 2018)
Research Article View: 1,569 Download: 604
Achieving Adsorption of Cationic Dyes by the Composites Based on H3PMo12O40 Decorating Metal Organic Frameworks
page: 1486 - 1498

Wenpeng Gong, Xiaogang Du, Xiaoxia Liu, Xiaofen Ke and Shuijin Yang*

Vol.45 No.3 (May 2018)
Research Article View: 1,659 Download: 367
Adsorption of a Highly Toxic Aromatic Pollutant From Aqueous Solution Using Low Cost Activated Carbon: Equilibrium, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Aspects
page: 1471 - 1485

Muhammad Hamayun*, Sonia Sherazi, Shah Zareen, Abdul Naeem, Muhammad Saeed, Khizar Hussain Shah, Ataf Ali Altaf, Shahzad Murtaza and Muhammad Zubair

Vol.45 No.3 (May 2018)
Research Article View: 1,554 Download: 412
Enhancement of Butanol Production Efficiency from Sweet Sorghum Stem Juice by Clostridium beijerinckii Using Statistical Experimental Design
page: 1235 - 1246

Likit Sirisantimethakom, Thanawat Thanapornsin, Lakkana Laopaiboon and Pattana Laopaiboon*

Vol.45 No.3 (May 2018)
Research Article View: 1,389 Download: 278
Preparation of Eco-friendly and Low-cost Activated Carbon from Gracilaria corticata Seaweeds for the Removal of Crystal Violet Dye from Aqueous Solution: Equilibrium and Modeling Studies
page: 1039 - 1051

Duraipandian Jayganesh, Rengasamy Tamilarasan*, Muthiyan Kumar, Mani Murugavelu and Vadivelu Sivakumar

Vol.45 No.2 (March 2018)
Research Article View: 1,579 Download: 335
Preparation and Properties of Activated Carbon from Palm Shell by Potassium Hydroxide Impregnation: Effects of Processing Parameters
page: 462 - 473

Sathaporn Bhungthong, Darunee Aussawasathien, Kittipong Hrimchum and Sa-Nguansak Sriphalang

Vol.45 No.1 (January 2018)
Research Article View: 883 Download: 543
Laboratory-based Investigation into the Removal Behaviour of Asphalt in Porous Asphalt Mixture on Zinc Ions from Road Runoff
page: 1601 - 1610

Yao Zhao*, Chen Zhao, Kelly Hill and Xun Qian Xu

Vol.44 No.4 (October 2017)
Research Article View: 1,533 Download: 310
Response Surface Methodology Based Optimized Purification of the Residual Glycerol from Biodiesel Production Process
page: 1570 - 1582

Muhammad Danish*, Muhammad Waseem Mumtaz [a], Mahpara Fakhar [a] and Umer Rashid*

Vol.44 No.4 (October 2017)
Research Article View: 1,245 Download: 632
Removal of p-Nitrophenol from Aqueous Solution Using Synthesized Silica-Magnetite Composite
page: 1028 - 1039

Adekola F.A.*, Orimolade B.O.** and Adebayo G.B.

Vol.44 No.3 (July 2017)
Research Article View: 1,584 Download: 402
Effects of Processing Parameters on Properties of Activated Carbon from Palm Shell: Sodium Hydroxide Impregnation
page: 544 - 556

Sathaporn Bhungthong [a], Darunee Aussawasathien* [b], Kittipong Hrimchum [b] and Sa-Nguansak Srip

Vol.44 No.2 (April 2017)
Research Article View: 925 Download: 566
Evaluation of Treated and Untreated Sludge from Yarn Processing Factory as Adsorbent Candidates for Dye Removal
page: 508 - 517

Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini* [a,b] and Noor Yuhana Jusoh [b]

Vol.44 No.2 (April 2017)
Research Article View: 1,504 Download: 262
Towards the Adsorption of Propylene and Propane on Cu(I)X and Cu(I)Y Zeolites: Effects of Zeolite Preparation
page: 591 - 599

Suwichak Phutthapatimok [a,b], Pattaraporn Sridechparsat [a,b], Pramoch Rangsunvigit* [a,b] and Santi Kulprathipanja [c]

Vol.43 No.3 (APRIL 2016)
Research Article View: 1,535 Download: 334
Validating Adsorptive Capacity of Areca Husk Carbon onto Methylene Blue & ANOVA Modelling
page: 183 - 194

Arumugam Basker[a]*, Syed shabudeen[b], Appavoo Ponnuraju Shekhar[c] and Savarimuthu Daniel[b]

Vol.43 No.1 (JANUARY 2016)
Research Article View: 1,514 Download: 280
Modeling and Optimization of Removal of Rhodamine – B from Wastewaters by Adsorption on Modified Clay
page: 1230 - 1240

Morteza Bahram, Robabeh Talebi, Abdolhossein Naseri* , Sirous Nouri

Vol.41 No.5/2 (OCTOBER 2014)
Research Article View: 1,449 Download: 519
Synthesis and Use of Zeolite Na-A from Waste Sludge of Water Treatment Plant for Ammonium Removal
page: 1262 - 1273

Jeatana Wongwichien [a], Suwimol Asavapisit [a] and Kwannate Sombatsompop* [b]

Vol.41 No.5/2 (OCTOBER 2014)
Research Article View: 1,434 Download: 275
Preparing Activated Carbon from Palm Shell for Biodiesel Fuel Production
page: 572 - 578

Achanai Buasri, Nattawut Chaiyut and Chaiwut Nakweang

Vol.38 No.4 (OCTOBER 2011)
Research Article View: 988 Download: 347
Adsorption Equilibrium of Zinc Ions from Aqueous Solution by Using Modified Clinoptilolite
page: 56 - 62

Achanai Buasri, Phetcharat Yongbut, Nattawut Chaiyut and Kittiya Phattarasirichot

Vol.35 No.1 (JANUARY 2008)
Research Article View: 1,497 Download: 337
Determination of Copper by Slurry-Sampling Electro-thermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry After Pre-concentration on Activated Carbon
page: 65 - 70

Khuanjit Benyatian

Vol.27 No.2 (DECEMBER 2000)
Opinion View: 1,027 Download: 239
Outline
Figures