Chiang Mai Journal of Science

Print ISSN: 0125-2526 | eISSN : 2465-3845

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Adsorption Performance of Spherical Porous SiO2 on Heavy Metal Cu2+ in Wastewater

Yan-Min Chen, Zhen-Zhen Chen, Bei-Bei Qi, Ye-Xuan Cai, Jia-Meng Li and Yi-Fan Han
* Author for corresponding; e-mail address: yanminchen2011@163.com
Volume: Vol.52 No.5 (September 2025)
Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12982/CMJS.2025.075
Received: 5 June 2025, Revised: 10 August 2025, Accepted: 12 August 2025, Published: 12 September 2025

Citation: Chen Y.-M., Chen Z.-Z., Qi B.-B., Cai Y.-X., Li J.-M. and Han Y.-F., Adsorption performance of spherical porous SiO2 on heavy metal Cu2+ in wastewater. Chiang Mai Journal of Science, 2025; 52(5): e2025075. DOI 10.12982/CMJS.2025.075.

Graphical Abstract

Graphical Abstract

Abstract

     Spherical porous SiO2 was synthesized via TEOS hydrolysis combined with NaOH etching, and its application in removing heavy metal Cu2+ from wastewater was investigated. The morphology, specific surface area, pore structure, and phase of pre- and post-etching SiO2 were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N2 adsorption analyzer, and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. Additionally, detailed studies were conducted on the adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics, as well as the effects of adsorbent dosage, ionic strength, and pH on Cu2+ removal. The results showed that the post-etching SiO2 (denoted as ESP-SiO2) presented a porous nanospherical morphology, with significantly larger specific surface area and pore volume compared to the pre-etching sample. Furthermore, the SiO2 underwent a transformation from an amorphous to a crystalline phase. The adsorption kinetics of Cu2+ onto ESP-SiO2 was well fitted by the pseudo-second-order model, and the adsorption isotherm conformed to the Langmuir model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 172.41 mg/g. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that the adsorption process was spontaneous, exothermic, and accompanied by an increase in entropy. For a 50 mg/L Cu2+ solution, a removal efficiency of 86.5% was achieved when the dosage of ESP-SiO2 was 0.05 g. Moreover, the material exhibited strong resistance to interference from ionic strength (up to 0.1 mol/L), and the optimal pH for adsorption was 5.5. Given its advantages of low cost, simple preparation, and high removal efficiency, ESP-SiO2 holds great application potential in the treatment of heavy metal-containing wastewater.

Keywords: SiO2, porous, heavy metal wastewater, adsorption, Cu2+

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