Chiang Mai Journal of Science

Print ISSN: 0125-2526 | eISSN : 2465-3845

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Preparing Activated Carbon from Palm Shell for Biodiesel Fuel Production

Achanai Buasri, Nattawut Chaiyut and Chaiwut Nakweang
* Author for corresponding; e-mail address: achanai130@gmail.com
Volume: Vol.38 No.4 (OCTOBER 2011)
Research Article
DOI:
Received: -, Revised: -, Accepted: -, Published: -

Citation: Buasri A., Chaiyut N. and Nakweang C., Preparing Activated Carbon from Palm Shell for Biodiesel Fuel Production , Chiang Mai Journal of Science, 2011; 38(4): 572-578.

Abstract

                 Palm  shell  is a  cheap  and  abundant  agricultural by-product  in  many  tropical  countries, particularly  Malaysia, Indonesia  and  Thailand. Several  techniques  including  thermal  activation  (physical  activation)  and  chemical  activation  have  been  successfully  developed  to  convert  palm  shell  into  an  activated  carbon  (AC). One  technique  is  to  use  an  activating  agent  such  as  Ca(NO3)2.4H2O. The  objective  of  this  work  was  to  optimize  the  process  for  biodiesel  fuel  production  from  palm  stearin  using  activated  carbon  supported  calcium  oxide. Transesterification  of  palm  stearin  with  menthanol  was  investigated  under  a  heterogeneous  catalysis  system. The  reaction  was  studied  by  various  amount  of  metal  loading  in  activated  carbon. The  supported  alkali  earth  metal  catalysts, Ca(NO3)2/AC  showed  almost  the  same  activity  under  the  optimized  reaction  conditions  compared  to  calcium  oxide  catalyst  (CaO). The  catalysts  were  characterized, using  thermogravimetric  analysis  (TGA), scanning  electron  microscope  (SEM), X-ray  diffraction  (XRD)  and  surface  area  analyzer. The  results  indicated  that the  Ca(NO3)2/AC  had  relatively  low  surface  area, compared  to  CaO. The  suitable  conditions  for  heterogeneously  catalyzed  transesterification  of  Ca(NO3)2/AC  and  CaO  were  the  menthanol/oil  molar  ratio  of  20, temperature  of  60°C  and  reaction  time  of  4  h, with  10.5  and 6% (w/w)  catalyst  to  oil  ratio  for  Ca(NO3)2/AC  and  CaO,  respectively.

Keywords: activated carbon, palm shell, heterogeneous catalyst, biodiesel

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