Chiang Mai Journal of Science

Print ISSN: 0125-2526 | eISSN : 2465-3845

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Valorization of Spent Coffee Grounds: Lignin and Oil Extraction for UV-Blocking and High-Toughness PLA Blend and Composite Packaging Materials

Peeraphon Phromduang, Thirakanpada Srisombat, Wikoramet Teeka, Pattara Somnuake and Sirirat Wacharawichanant
* Author for corresponding; e-mail address: wacharawichanan_s@su.ac.th
Volume: Vol.52 No.6 (November 2025)
Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12982/CMJS.2025.097
Received: 2 July 2025, Revised: 15 October 2025, Accepted: 20 October 2025, Published: 25 November 2025

Citation: Phromduang P., Srisombat T., Teeka W., Somnuake P. and Wacharawichanant S., Valorization of spent coffee grounds: Lignin and oil extraction for UV-blocking and high-toughness PLA blend and composite packaging materials. Chiang Mai Journal of Science, 2025; 52(6): e2025097. DOI 10.12982/CMJS.2025.097.

Graphical Abstract

Graphical Abstract

Abstract

     This study advances the valorization of spent coffee grounds (SCG) by extracting lignin and oils to develop novel poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composite materials for high-potential use in UV-blocking packaging applications. SCG separated the oil by a dissolving process with hexane, and lignin was sedimented by an acidification process using sulfuric acid. Thus, the morphology and crystallinity of lignin were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the functional groups of lignin and oil were investigated by Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. It was found that the powder forms with an amorphous region. The oil extracted illustrated the functional groups of fatty acids. The oil was blended into the PLA matrix at 1, 3, 5, and 7 phr, and lignin composites were prepared at 1, 3, and 5 phr. The morphological, mechanical, thermal, and optical properties of the blends and composites were analyzed using SEM, universal testing machine (UTM), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The optimum formulation at 1 phr of lignin and 5 phr of oil blends exhibited the best mechanical properties and strong UV-Vis absorption. Furthermore, PLA blends and composites incorporating these optimized ratios demonstrated high toughness and excellent UV-blocking performance. This work presents a promising bio-circular-green economy (BCG) model strategy by converting coffee waste into value-added materials for high-performance biodegradable polymer improvement and environmentally friendly packaging applications.

Keywords: poly(lactic acid), spent coffee grounds, oil, lignin

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Research Article View: 1,132 Download: 519
Antioxidant Potential of Pleurotus porrigens Extract and Application in Sunflower Oil during Accelerated Storage
page: 34 - 48

Hip Seng Yim*[a, b], Fook Yee Chye [b], Mei Lian Liow [a], and Chun Wai Ho [a]

Vol.40 No.1 (JANUARY 2013)
Research Article View: 1,045 Download: 359
Characteristics of Phosphate Solubilization by Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria Isolated from Agricultural Chili Soil and Their Efficiency on the Growth of Chili (Capsicum frutescens L. cv. Hua Rua)
page: 11 - 25

Worapon Surapat[a], Charida Pukahuta[a], Pongsak Rattanachaikunsopon[a], Tadanori Aimi[b], and Sopho

Vol.40 No.1 (JANUARY 2013)
Research Article View: 896 Download: 303
Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Anticancer Activities and Chemical Constituents of the Essential Oil from Mesua ferrea Leaves
page: 455 - 463

Sukanya Keawsa-ard* [a] and Samart Kongtaweelert [b]

Vol.39 No.3 (JULY 2012)
Research Article View: 1,085 Download: 626
Seasonal and Post-Rainfall Dynamics of Soil CO2 Efflux in Wheat and Peanut Fields
page: 410 - 428

Chompunut Chayawat*[a], Chuckree Senthong[a], Monique Y.Leclerc[b], Gengsheng Zhang[b] and John P. B

Vol.39 No.3 (JULY 2012)
Research Article View: 812 Download: 299
Use of Immobilized Lipase on the Enrichment of Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid from Fish Oil
page: 139 - 149

Piyorot Hongsachart and Suree Phutrakul*

Vol.31 No.2 May 2004
Research Article View: 1,310 Download: 210
Preliminary Study of Anthraquinone in Sweet Bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper Backer) Alkaline Sulfite Pulping
page: 235 - 247

Suphat Kamthai

Vol.34 No.2 (MAY 2007)
Research Article View: 1,538 Download: 1,551
Stanol Synthesis from Palm Oil Distillate
page: 109 - 116

Sarunya Chuanphongpanich* [a], Nipon T uwanon [a], Duang Buddhasukh [b], Pichai Pirakitik

Vol.33 No.1 (JANUARY 2006)
Research Article View: 950 Download: 314
Value Added Products from By-products of Rice Bran Oil Processing
page: 116 - 122

Wasinee Kaewboonnum, Ketmanee Wachararuji and Artiwan Shotipruk

Vol.35 No.1 (JANUARY 2008)
Research Article View: 1,031 Download: 262
Experiments and Statistical Analysis of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction
page: 109 - 115

Wipawee Yothipitak, Praiya Thana, Motonobu Goto and Artiwan Shotipruk

Vol.35 No.1 (JANUARY 2008)
Research Article View: 967 Download: 317
Fertility Evaluation of Old Meghna River Floodplain Soils in Bangladesh for Sustainable Agriculture
page: 127 - 137

Md. Mizanur Rahman* and Mohammad G. Azam

Vol.32 No.2 (MAY 2005)
Research Article View: 887 Download: 358
Cathodic Stripping Voltammetric Procedure for Determination of Some Inorganic Arsenic Species in Water, Soil and Ores Samples
page: 369 - 383

Jaroon Junsomboon, Ponlayuth Sooksamiti, Kate Grudpan, Somchai Lapanantnoppakhun, Prasak Thavornyuth

Vol.36 No.3 (SEPTEMBER 2009)
Research Article View: 962 Download: 248
Synthesis of Cocoa Butter Equivalent from Palm Oil by Carica papaya Lipase-Catalyzed Interesterification
page: 359 - 368

Porntippa Pinyaphong, and Suree Phutrakul

Vol.36 No.3 (SEPTEMBER 2009)
Research Article View: 1,476 Download: 276
Engine Wear Monitoring by Analysis of Metallic Elements in Used Lubricating Oils
page: 39 - 44

Suparin Chaiklangmuang*[a], Nakorn Tippayawong [b] and Anusan Permsuwan [b]

Vol.32 No.1 (JANUARY 2005)
Research Article View: 913 Download: 283
Characteristics of Pyrolytic Oils of Sewage Sludge Pyrolysis
page: 31 - 37

Suparin Chaiklangmuang* [a], Jakkapol Photiprasit [a] and Vissanu Meeyoo [b]

Vol.32 No.1 (JANUARY 2005)
Research Article View: 1,375 Download: 300
Aggregation and Pedogenesis of Seasonally Inundated Soils of a Tropical Watershed
page: 74 - 84

Emmanuel U. Onweremadu, Ogochukwu P. Izuogu, and Frank O.R. Akamigbo

Vol.37 No.1 (JANUARY 2010)
Research Article View: 978 Download: 307
Volatile Constituents of Thai Culinary Herbs “San Pra Hom”(Eupatorium stoechadosmum Hance.)
page: 17 - 29

Sangla Khamman[a],Christian Rolando[b] and Griangsak Chairote*[a]

Vol.28 No.1 (JUNE 2001)
Opinion View: 963 Download: 364
Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Mimosa invisa and Effect of the Soil pH on the Symbiosis
page: 517 - 527

Saengdao Kittiworawat, Somchit Youpensuk, and Benjavan Rerkasem

Vol.37 No.3 (SEPTEMBER 2010)
Research Article View: 957 Download: 265
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