Outline
Figures and Tables
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Graphical Abstract
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Figure 1. Tissue and host-specific distribution of endophytic fungal Isolates in A. marina (a) and E. agallocha (b).
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Figure 2: ITS rDNA–based phylogenetic relationships of endophytic fungal isolates recovered from A. marina and E. agallocha. The trees (a–g) were constructed using aligned ITS sequences (~500–600 bp) together with closely related reference sequences retrieved from GenBank. Bootstrap support values (≥70%) from 1,000 replicates are shown at the nodes. Isolates generated in this study are highlighted in blue, and accession numbers of reference sequences are indicated. The scale bar represents the number of nucleotide substitutions per site.
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Figure 3. Endophytic fungal colonization patterns in mangrove hosts. Colonization frequency (%) of endophytic fungi in A. marina and E. agallocha (a). Boxplots represent the median and interquartile range, with individual plants (n = 10 plants per species) shown as data points. Tissue-wise colonization frequency (CF %) of endophytic fungi in A. marina and E. agallocha (b). Results are presented as mean ± SD (n = 10 plants per species). Different superscript letters indicate a significant difference between host species within each tissue type (independent t-test; p < 0.01). (c) Heatmap showing the distribution and species-specific isolation frequency (IF %) of 20 dominant endophytic fungal taxa (out of 45 total taxa) across different tissues of A. marina and E. agallocha. The color gradient from light blue (low) to dark blue (high) represents increasing isolation frequency. Asterisks (*, **, ***) indicate levels of statistical significance (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001, respectively). Results are based on n=10 plants per species.