Chiang Mai Journal of Science

     This study explores the feasibility of recycling high-pressure sodium lamp glass (HPSg) waste by incorporating Bi₂O₃ into a (70-x) HPSg-10Na₂O-5Al₂O₃-5BaO-xBi₂O₃ glass matrix. The elastic properties, including Young’s modulus, bulk modulus, shear modulus, and longitudinal modulus, were calculated using the Makishima-Mackenzie model and showed a consistent decrease with increasing Bi₂O₃ content. Gamma-ray shielding performance was evaluated using XCOM software and Geant4 simulations at photon energies of 662, 1174, and 1332 keV. The results indicate that the mass attenuation coefficients obtained from XCOM (0.056 cm²/g) and Geant4 (0.054 cm²/g) for HPB5 at 1332 keV are comparable, with a relative difference of less than 2.5%. The Bi₂O₃ addition enhanced shielding effectiveness by increasing mass attenuation coefficients and reducing half-value layer. These findings demonstrate that recycled HPSg combined with Bi₂O₃ is a promising, eco-friendly material for efficient gamma radiation shielding.